27. The continuity equation in fluid mechanics is derived based on:
a. Conservation of mass
b. Conservation of energy
c. Conservation of momentum
d. Conservation of velocity
Conservation of mass
28. The unit of kinematic viscosity is:
a. m²/s
b. N·s/m²
c. kg·s/m²
d. N/m²
m²/s
29. The flow regime in a pipe is considered turbulent if the Reynolds number is:
a. Less than 2000
b. Between 2000 and 4000
c. Greater than 4000
d. Equal to 4000
Greater than 4000
30. The primary purpose of a hydraulic accumulator is to:
a. Store energy in the form of fluid pressure
b. Increase flow rate
c. Control fluid temperature
d. Measure pressure changes
Store energy in the form of fluid pressure
31. The term “hydraulic radius” in open channel flow is defined as:
a. Flow area divided by wetted perimeter
b. Wetted perimeter divided by flow area
c. Square root of flow area
d. Diameter of the channel
Flow area divided by wetted perimeter
32. What is the velocity of fluid at the walls of a pipe in viscous flow?
a. Maximum
b. Zero
c. Equal to mean velocity
d. Half of the maximum velocity
Zero
33. The weir is used in open channels to measure:
a. Velocity
b. Discharge
c. Pressure
d. Hydraulic radius
Discharge
34. In a fluid flow, stagnation pressure is:
a. The pressure at zero velocity
b. Equal to dynamic pressure
c. The pressure at maximum velocity
d. Equal to static pressure
The pressure at zero velocity
35. What happens to the pressure as fluid velocity increases in a pipe according to Bernoulli’s principle?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains constant
d. Varies unpredictably
Decreases
36. What happens to the velocity of a fluid as it passes through a converging nozzle in subsonic flow?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains constant
d. Depends on fluid viscosity
Increases
37. The term “hydrostatic pressure” refers to the pressure due to:
a. Fluid velocity
b. Fluid weight
c. Fluid viscosity
d. Surface tension
Fluid weight
38. Which principle is applied in the working of a venturi meter?
a. Pascal’s law
b. Bernoulli’s theorem
c. Archimedes’ principle
d. Conservation of momentum
Bernoulli’s theorem
39. What is the Froude number used for?
a. Characterizing open-channel flow regimes
b. Determining compressibility effects
c. Estimating shear stress in fluids
d. Calculating turbulence intensity
Characterizing open-channel flow regimes
40. The critical depth in open-channel flow corresponds to:
a. Minimum specific energy
b. Maximum velocity
c. Minimum discharge
d. Maximum slope
Minimum specific energy
41. Which of the following factors increases the rate of flow in a pipe?
a. Increasing pipe length
b. Decreasing pipe diameter
c. Increasing fluid viscosity
d. Increasing pressure difference
Increasing pressure difference
42. The Mach number is defined as the ratio of:
a. Velocity of fluid to the speed of sound in the fluid
b. Density of fluid to its viscosity
c. Velocity of fluid to its kinematic viscosity
d. Pressure to velocity
Velocity of fluid to the speed of sound in the fluid
43. A hydraulic press operates based on:
a. Bernoulli’s equation
b. Archimedes’ principle
c. Pascal’s law
d. Continuity equation
Pascal’s law
44. Flow measurement devices like orifice meters and venturi meters operate on the principle of:
a. Velocity changes
b. Pressure changes
c. Density changes
d. Viscosity changes
Pressure changes
45.A flow is said to be incompressible when:
a. The density is constant
b. The viscosity is constant
c. The flow velocity is constant
d. The pressure remains constant
The density is constant
46.The hydraulic gradient line (HGL) represents:
a. Pressure head
b. Velocity head
c. Total head
d. Energy head minus velocity head
Energy head minus velocity head
47. Cavitation in a pump occurs due to:
a. Low pressure at the pump inlet
b. High fluid velocity
c. High pressure at the pump outlet
d. Blockage in the suction pipe
Low pressure at the pump inlet
48. The pressure in a static fluid varies with:
a. Depth
b. Volume
c. Surface area
d. Temperature only
Depth
49. The term “specific gravity” of a fluid is defined as the ratio of:
a. Density of the fluid to the density of water
b. Viscosity of the fluid to the viscosity of water
c. Weight of the fluid to its volume
d. Pressure of the fluid to atmospheric pressure
Density of the fluid to the density of water
50. In fluid statics, the pressure at a point in a fluid is:
a. Isotropic (same in all directions)
b. Higher in the direction of flow
c. Lower in the direction of gravity
d. Dependent on surface area
Isotropic (same in all directions)